伊利诺伊州(Illinois)位于美国中西部,北接威斯康星州,东北濒密歇根湖,东界印第安纳州,东南邻肯塔基州,西隔密西西比河与密苏里州和艾奥瓦州相望。面积14.6万平方公里,首府斯普林菲尔德(Springfield)。
该州别名“内陆帝国” (The Inland Empire)或“草原之州” (The Prairie State)。州花是紫罗兰(Native Violet)。州鸟是北美红雀(Cardinal)。州树是白橡(White Oak)。
历史沿革
以印第安人伊利诺伊部落之名命名。1673年,法国探险家路易·若利埃和雅克·马凯特首先探测了密西西比河和伊利诺伊河。1763年,英国取得密西西比河以东地区的统治权。1784年划归美国。1809年2月3日,伊利诺伊领地成立。1818年,伊利诺成为美国第21州。因1834年林肯当选为州议员开始其政治生涯,该州也被称为“林肯之地”。
行政区划
首府是位于伊州中部的春田市,是伊州的政治中心。芝加哥是伊州最大城市,为仅次于纽约和洛杉矶的美国第三大城市。芝加哥及周围6县构成大芝加哥地区。
重要城市:芝加哥、埃文斯顿、埃尔金、奥克朗、乔利矣特、奥罗拉、沃其根、罗克福德、迪卡尔布、罗克艾兰、盖尔斯堡、皮奥里亚、诺黙尔、厄巴纳-香槟、丹维尓、特雷霍持,印第安纳州、斯普林菲尔德州府、布卢明顿、迪凯持、奥尔顿、东圣路易斯、森特勒利亚、卡本代尔、帕度卡,肯塔基州。
County | FIPS code | County seat | Established | Origin | Etymology | Population | Area | Map |
Adams County | 001 | Quincy | 1825 | Pike County | John Quincy Adams(1767–1848), sixthPresident of the United States | 67,103 | 857sqmi (2,220km) | |
Alexander County | 003 | Cairo | 1819 | Union County | William M. Alexander, a settler and state representative in theIllinois General Assembly | 8,238 | 236sqmi (611km) | |
Bond County | 005 | Greenville | 1817 | Crawford County, Edwards County, and Madison County | Shadrach Bond(1773–1832), FirstGovernor of Illinois | 17,768 | 380sqmi (984km) | |
Boone County | 007 | Belvidere | 1837 | Winnebago County | Daniel Boone(1734-1820), trailblazer of theWilderness Roadin Kentucky | 54,165 | 281sqmi (728km) | |
Brown County | 009 | Mount Sterling | 1839 | Schuyler County | Jacob Brown(1775–1828), a successfulAmerican Revolutionarmy officer responsible for Great Lakes defenses | 6,937 | 306sqmi (793km) | |
Bureau County | 011 | Princeton | 1837 | Putnam County | Pierre de Bureo, Frenchman,North American fur trader | 34,978 | 869sqmi (2,251km) | |
Calhoun County | 013 | Hardin | 1825 | Pike County | John C. Calhoun(1782–1850),South Carolinasenator and seventhVice President of the United States | 5,089 | 254sqmi (658km) | |
Carroll County | 015 | Mount Carroll | 1839 | Jo Daviess | Charles Carroll of Carrollton(1737–1832), signed theDeclaration of Independenceon behalf ofMaryland | 15,387 | 444sqmi (1,150km) | |
Cass County | 017 | Virginia | 1837 | Morgan County | Lewis Cass(1782–1866), second governor ofMichigan Territory, fourteenthUnited States Secretary of War | 13,642 | 376sqmi (974km) | |
Champaign County | 019 | Urbana | 1833 | Vermilion County | Champaign County, Ohio, which took its name from theFrenchfor "open level country" | 201,081 | 997sqmi (2,582km) | |
Christian County | 021 | Taylorville | 1839 | Sangamon County | Christian County, Kentucky, which was itself named afterColonel William Christian | 34,800 | 709sqmi (1,836km) | |
Clark County | 023 | Marshall | 1819 | Crawford County | George Rogers Clark(1752–1818), highest-ranking officer in theNorthwest Territoryduring theAmerican Revolution | 16,335 | 502sqmi (1,300km) | |
Clay County | 025 | Louisville | 1824 | Wayne, Lawrence, Fayette, and Crawford County | Henry Clay(1777–1852), Kentucky legislator who negotiated theMissouri Compromise | 13,815 | 469sqmi (1,215km) | |
Clinton County | 027 | Carlyle | 1824 | Washington, Bond, and Fayette County | DeWitt Clinton(1769–1828),Governor of New York, responsible for the construction of theErie Canal | 37,762 | 474sqmi (1,228km) | |
Coles County | 029 | Charleston | 1830 | Clark and Edgar County | Edward Coles(1786–1868), secondGovernor of Illinois, responsible for the abolition of slavery in Illinois | 53,873 | 508sqmi (1,316km) | |
Cook County | 031 | Chicago | 1831 | Putnam County | Daniel Pope Cook(1794–1827), politician and firstAttorney General of Illinois | 5,194,675 | 946sqmi (2,450km) | |
Crawford County | 033 | Robinson | 1816 | Edwards County | William H. Crawford(1772–1834), ninthUnited States Secretary of War, seventhSecretary of the Treasury | 19,817 | 444sqmi (1,150km) | |
Cumberland County | 035 | Toledo | 1843 | Coles County | Disputed:Cumberland Road, which entered the county;Cumberland, Maryland; orCumberland Riverin Kentucky | 11,048 | 346sqmi (896km) | |
DeKalb County | 037 | Sycamore | 1837 | Kane County | Johann de Kalb(1721–80), German soldier in theContinental Armywho fought alongsideGilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette | 105,160 | 634sqmi (1,642km) | |
DeWitt County | 039 | Clinton | 1839 | Macon and McLean County | DeWitt Clinton(1769–1828),Governor of New York, responsible for the construction of theErie Canal | 16,561 | 398sqmi (1,031km) | |
Douglas County | 041 | Tuscola | 1859 | Coles County | Stephen A. Douglas(1813–61), prominent Illinois Democrat whoengaged in debateswithAbraham Lincoln | 19,980 | 417sqmi (1,080km) | |
DuPage County | 043 | Wheaton | 1839 | Cook County | DuPage River | 916,924 | 334sqmi (865km) | |
Edgar County | 045 | Paris | 1823 | Clark County | John Edgar(c. 1750–1832), Illinois delegate to theNorthwest Territorylegislature; at time, wealthiest man in Illinois | 18,576 | 624sqmi (1,616km) | |
Edwards County | 047 | Albion | 1814 | Gallatin County and Madison County | Ninian Edwards(1775–1833), thirdGovernor of the State of Illinoisand only governor of theIllinois Territory | 6,721 | 222sqmi (575km) | |
Effingham County | 049 | Effingham | 1831 | Fayette and Crawford County | Lord Thomas Effingham, military officer who resigned from theBritish Armyto avoid fighting the American colonies | 34,242 | 479sqmi (1,241km) | |
Fayette County | 051 | Vandalia | 1821 | Bond, Wayne, Clark, Jefferson, and Crawford County | Marquis de la Fayette(1757–1834), French military officer who was a key factor in theAmericanandFrench Revolutions. | 22,140 | 716sqmi (1,854km) | |
Ford County | 053 | Paxton | 1859 | Vermilion County | Thomas Ford(1800–50), eighthGovernor of Illinois; served during theIllinois Mormon War | 14,081 | 486sqmi (1,259km) | |
Franklin County | 055 | Benton | 1818 | White County and Gallatin County | Benjamin Franklin(1706–90), prolific writer, inventor, and politician; key factor in theAmerican Revolution | 39,561 | 412sqmi (1,067km) | |
Fulton County | 057 | Lewistown | 1823 | Pike County | Robert Fulton(1765–1815), inventor of thesteamboat | 37,069 | 866sqmi (2,243km) | |
Gallatin County | 059 | Shawneetown | 1812 | Randolph County | Albert Gallatin(1761–1849), fourth and longest-servingUnited States Secretary of the Treasury | 5,589 | 324sqmi (839km) | |
Greene County | 061 | Carrollton | 1821 | Madison County | Nathanael Greene(1742–86), major general in theContinental Army | 13,886 | 543sqmi (1,406km) | |
Grundy County | 063 | Morris | 1841 | LaSalle County | Felix Grundy(1777–1840),Tennesseansenator that served as the thirteenthUnited States Attorney General | 50,063 | 420sqmi (1,088km) | |
Hamilton County | 065 | McLeansboro | 1821 | White County | Alexander Hamilton(1755–1804), firstUnited States Secretary of the Treasury | 8,457 | 435sqmi (1,127km) | |
Hancock County | 067 | Carthage | 1825 | Adams County | John Hancock(1737–93), first governor of theMassachusetts colonyand president of theSecond Continental Congress | 19,104 | 795sqmi (2,059km) | |
Hardin County | 069 | Elizabethtown | 1839 | Pope County | Hardin County, Kentucky, which was itself named afterJohn Hardin | 4,320 | 178sqmi (461km) | |
Henderson County | 071 | Oquawka | 1841 | Warren County | Henderson County, Kentucky, which was itself named afterRichard Henderson | 7,331 | 379sqmi (982km) | |
Henry County | 073 | Cambridge | 1825 | Fulton County | Patrick Henry(1736-99),American Revolutionary Warfigure and first and sixthGovernor of Virginia | 50,486 | 823sqmi (2,132km) | |
Iroquois County | 075 | Watseka | 1833 | Vermilion County | IroquoisNative Americans | 29,718 | 1,116sqmi (2,890km) | |
Jackson County | 077 | Murphysboro | 1816 | Randolph County and Johnson County | Andrew Jackson(1767-1845), seventhPresident of the United States, United States Senator fromTennessee, and general in theWar of 1812 | 60,218 | 588sqmi (1,523km) | |
Jasper County | 079 | Newton | 1831 | Clay and Crawford County | Sgt.William Jasper(c. 1750-79),American Revolutionary Warsoldier popularized byParson Weems | 9,698 | 494sqmi (1,279km) | |
Jefferson County | 081 | Mount Vernon | 1819 | Edwards and White County | Thomas Jefferson(1743-1826), thirdPresident of the United States, secondVice President of the United States,Governor of Virginia, and one of the foremostFounding Fathers of the United States | 38,827 | 571sqmi (1,479km) | |
Jersey County | 083 | Jerseyville | 1839 | Greene County | State ofNew Jersey, from which many early settlers hailed | 22,985 | 369sqmi (956km) | |
Jo Daviess County | 085 | Galena | 1827 | Henry, Mercer, and Putnam County | Joseph Hamilton Daveiss(1774-1811), commander of the Indiana Dragoons at theBattle of Tippecanoe | 22,678 | 601sqmi (1,557km) | |
Johnson County | 087 | Vienna | 1812 | Randolph County | Richard Mentor Johnson(abt. 1780-1850), ninthVice President of the United Statesand United States Senator formKentucky | 12,582 | 346sqmi (896km) | |
Kane County | 089 | Geneva | 1836 | LaSalle County | Elias Kane(1794-1835), United States Senator fromIllinois | 515,269 | 521sqmi (1,349km) | |
Kankakee County | 091 | Kankakee | 1853 | Iroquois and Will County | Kankakee River | 113,449 | 678sqmi (1,756km) | |
Kendall County | 093 | Yorkville | 1841 | LaSalle and Kane County | Amos Kendall(1789-1869),United States Postmaster Generalunder PresidentsAndrew JacksonandMartin Van Buren | 114,736 | 321sqmi (831km) | |
Knox County | 095 | Galesburg | 1825 | Fulton County | Gen.Henry Knox(1750-1806),American Revolutionary Wargeneral and firstUnited States Secretary of War | 52,919 | 716sqmi (1,854km) | |
Lake County | 097 | Waukegan | 1839 | McHenry County | Lake Michigan | 703,462 | 448sqmi (1,160km) | |
LaSalle County | 099 | Ottawa | 1831 | Putnam and Tazewell County | Sieur de la Salle(1643-87), French explorer of theGreat Lakes. | 113,924 | 1,135sqmi (2,940km) | |
Lawrence County | 101 | Lawrenceville | 1821 | Crawford and Edwards County | Capt.James Lawrence(1781-1813), commander of theUSSChesapeakein theWar of 1812. Famous for his command "Don't give up the ship!" | 16,833 | 372sqmi (963km) | |
Lee County | 103 | Dixon | 1839 | Ogle County | "Light Horse"Henry Lee III(1756-1818),American Revolutionary Warofficer and ninthGovernor of Virginia | 36,031 | 725sqmi (1,878km) | |
Livingston County | 105 | Pontiac | 1837 | LaSalle and McLean County | Edward Livingston(1764-1836), prominent jurist, Congressman fromNew YorkandLouisiana, andU.S. Secretary of Statefrom 1831-33. | 38,950 | 1,044sqmi (2,704km) | |
Logan County | 107 | Lincoln | 1839 | Sangamon County | John Logan, a country doctor and early settler, and the father ofJohn A. Logan. | 30,305 | 618sqmi (1,601km) | |
Macon County | 115 | Decatur | 1829 | Shelby County | Nathaniel Macon(1758-1837), sixthSpeaker of the United States House of RepresentativesandUnited States SenatorfromNorth Carolina. | 110,768 | 581sqmi (1,505km) | |
Macoupin County | 117 | Carlinville | 1829 | Greene County | Native American wordMacoupin, meaningAmerican lotus | 47,765 | 864sqmi (2,238km) | |
Madison County | 119 | Edwardsville | 1812 | St. Clair County and Randolph County | James Madison(1751-1836), fourthPresident of the United Statesand principal author of theConstitution of the United States. | 269,282 | 725sqmi (1,878km) | |
Marion County | 121 | Salem | 1823 | Fayette and Jefferson County | Francis Marion(c. 1732-95), general in theAmerican Revolutionary Warknown as "The Swamp Fox" | 39,437 | 572sqmi (1,481km) | |
Marshall County | 123 | Lacon | 1839 | Putnam County | John Marshall (1755-1835), fourth and longest-servingChief Justice of the United States, wrote opinion inMarbury v. Madisonestablishing the principle ofjudicial review | 12,640 | 386sqmi (1,000km) | |
Mason County | 125 | Havana | 1841 | Tazewell and Menard County | Named afterMason County, Kentucky, itself named afterGeorge Mason | 14,666 | 539sqmi (1,396km) | |
Massac County | 127 | Metropolis | 1843 | Pope and Johnson County | Fort Massac, a colonial-era fort on theOhio River | 15,429 | 239sqmi (619km) | |
McDonough County | 109 | Macomb | 1826 | Schuyler County | CommodoreThomas Macdonough(1783-1825), commander of American naval forces at theBattle of Plattsburgh | 32,612 | 589sqmi (1,526km) | |
McHenry County | 111 | Woodstock | 1836 | Cook and LaSalle County | MajorWilliam McHenry(c. 1771-1835), officer in during several campaigns againstNative Americansand member of the Illinois legislature | 308,760 | 604sqmi (1,564km) | |
McLean County | 113 | Bloomington | 1830 | Tazewell County | John McLean(1791-1830),United States RepresentativeandUnited States Senatorfrom Illinois (the latter from 1824-25 and 1829-30) | 169,572 | 1,184sqmi (3,067km) | |
Menard County | 129 | Petersburg | 1839 | Sangamon County | Pierre Menard(1766-1844), prominent early settler and firstLieutenant Governor of Illinois | 12,705 | 314sqmi (813km) | |
Mercer County | 131 | Aledo | 1825 | Schuyler County | Hugh Mercer(1726-77), British officer in theSeven Years' Warand general in theContinental Armyduring theAmerican Revolutionary War | 16,434 | 561sqmi (1,453km) | |
Monroe County | 133 | Waterloo | 1816 | Randolph County and St. Clair County | James Monroe(1758-1831), seventhUnited States Secretary of State, eighthUnited States Secretary of War,Governor of Virginia, and fifthPresident of the United States | 32,957 | 388sqmi (1,005km) | |
Montgomery County | 135 | Hillsboro | 1821 | Bond and Madison County | Gen.Richard Montgomery(1738-75), brigadier-general in theContinental Armywho led the unsuccessfulinvasion of Canada | 30,104 | 704sqmi (1,823km) | |
Morgan County | 137 | Jacksonville | 1823 | Sangamon County | Gen.Daniel Morgan(1736-1802), successful tactician in theAmerican Revolutionary Warand laterUnited States RepresentativefromVirginia | 35,547 | 569sqmi (1,474km) | |
Moultrie County | 139 | Sullivan | 1843 | Shelby and Macon County | Gen.William Moultrie(1730-1805),American Revolutionary Wargeneral andGovernor of South Carolina | 14,846 | 336sqmi (870km) | |
Ogle County | 141 | Oregon | 1836 | Jo Daviess | Joseph Ogle(1737-1821), early settler in southwest Illinois, who helped found the firstMethodistchurch in Illinois | 53,497 | 759sqmi (1,966km) | |
Peoria County | 143 | Peoria | 1825 | Fulton County | ThePeoriaNative American tribe | 186,494 | 620sqmi (1,606km) | |
Perry County | 145 | Pinckneyville | 1827 | Randolph and Jackson County | CommodoreOliver Hazard Perry(1785-1819), American naval officer who led the victorious American forces at theBattle of Lake Erie | 22,350 | 441sqmi (1,142km) | |
Piatt County | 147 | Monticello | 1841 | DeWitt and Macon County | John Piatt, the patriarch of a prominent settler family in the early history of the county | 16,729 | 440sqmi (1,140km) | |
Pike County | 149 | Pittsfield | 1821 | Madison, Bond, and Clark County | Zebulon Pike(1779-1813), early explorer of theAmerican Southwest, namesake ofPikes Peak | 16,430 | 830sqmi (2,150km) | |
Pope County | 151 | Golconda | 1816 | Gallatin and Johnson County | Nathaniel Pope(1784-1850), early Delegate fromIllinois Territoryto Congress and judge on theUnited States District Court for the District of Illinois | 4,470 | 371sqmi (961km) | |
Pulaski County | 153 | Mound City | 1843 | Alexander and Johnson County | Gen.Casimir Pulaski(1745-79),Polish Americangeneral of cavalry in theAmerican Revolutionary War | 6,161 | 201sqmi (521km) | |
Putnam County | 155 | Hennepin | 1825 | Fulton County | Gen.Israel Putnam(1718-90), commander of American forces at theBattle of Bunker Hill | 6,006 | 160sqmi (414km) | |
Randolph County | 157 | Chester | 1795 | St. Clair County | Edmund Randolph(1753-1813), firstAttorney General of the United States, and brieflyUnited States Secretary of State | 33,476 | 578sqmi (1,497km) | |
Richland County | 159 | Olney | 1841 | Clay and Lawrence County | Richland County, Ohio, itself named for its richsoil | 16,233 | 360sqmi (932km) | |
Rock Island County | 161 | Rock Island | 1831 | Jo Daviess County | Rock Island | 147,546 | 427sqmi (1,106km) | |
Saline County | 165 | Harrisburg | 1847 | Gallatin County | Salt springs within the county | 24,913 | 383sqmi (992km) | |
Sangamon County | 167 | Springfield | 1821 | Madison and Bond County | Sangamon River | 197,465 | 868sqmi (2,248km) | |
Schuyler County | 169 | Rushville | 1825 | Pike and Fulton County | Gen.Philip Schuyler(1733-1804),American Revolutionary Wargeneral andUnited States SenatorfromNew York | 7,544 | 437sqmi (1,132km) | |
Scott County | 171 | Winchester | 1839 | Morgan County | Scott County, Kentucky, itself named afterCharles Scott | 5,355 | 251sqmi (650km) | |
Shelby County | 173 | Shelbyville | 1827 | Fayette County | Isaac Shelby(1750-1826), soldier in theAmerican Revolutionary WarandWar of 1812, and first and fifthGovernor of Kentucky | 22,363 | 759sqmi (1,966km) | |
St. Clair County | 163 | Belleville | 1790 | original two counties | Arthur St. Clair(1737-1818), major general in theAmerican Revolutionary Warand first Governor of theNorthwest Territory | 270,056 | 664sqmi (1,720km) | |
Stark County | 175 | Toulon | 1839 | Knox and Putnam County | Gen.John Stark(1728-1822), general in theAmerican Revolutionary War, called the "Hero ofBennington" | 5,994 | 288sqmi (746km) | |
Stephenson County | 177 | Freeport | 1837 | Jo Daviess and Winnebago County | Benjamin Stephenson(1769-1822), representative ofIllinois Territoryin theUnited States Congressfrom 1814 to 1816 | 47,711 | 564sqmi (1,461km) | |
Tazewell County | 179 | Pekin | 1827 | Sangamon County | Littleton Waller Tazewell(1774-1860), United States Senator from (and later governor of)Virginia | 135,394 | 649sqmi (1,681km) | |
Union County | 181 | Jonesboro | 1818 | Johnson County | The federal union of the states | 17,808 | 416sqmi (1,077km) | |
Vermilion County | 183 | Danville | 1826 | Edgar County | TheVermilion River | 81,625 | 899sqmi (2,328km) | |
Wabash County | 185 | Mount Carmel | 1824 | Edwards County | TheWabash River | 11,947 | 224sqmi (580km) | |
Warren County | 187 | Monmouth | 1825 | Schuyler County | Joseph Warren(1741-75), played a role inAmerican Patriotmovements, a prominent early fatality in theAmerican Revolutionary War | 17,707 | 543sqmi (1,406km) | |
Washington County | 189 | Nashville | 1818 | St. Clair County | George Washington(1732-99), commander-in-chief of American forces in theAmerican Revolutionary Warand firstPresident of the United States | 14,716 | 563sqmi (1,458km) | |
Wayne County | 191 | Fairfield | 1819 | Edwards County | Gen. "Mad"Anthony Wayne(1745-96),major generalin the United States Army in theAmerican Revolutionary Warand theNorthwest Indian War | 16,760 | 714sqmi (1,849km) | |
White County | 193 | Carmi | 1815 | Gallatin County | Isaac White(1776-1811), resident of Illinois who enlisted in the Indiana militia and was killed at theBattle of Tippecanoe | 14,665 | 495sqmi (1,282km) | |
Whiteside County | 195 | Morrison | 1836 | Jo Daviess and Henry County | Samuel Whiteside(1783-1868), state legislator and militia leader | 58,498 | 685sqmi (1,774km) | |
Will County | 197 | Joliet | 1836 | Cook and Iroquois County | Conrad Will(1779-1835),physician, local businessman and longtime member of the state legislature | 677,560 | 837sqmi (2,168km) | |
Williamson County | 199 | Marion | 1839 | Franklin County | Hugh Williamson(1735-1819), delegate fromNorth Carolinato thePhiladelphia Convention | 66,357 | 424sqmi (1,098km) | |
Winnebago County | 201 | Rockford | 1836 | Jo Daviess | WinnebagoNative Americans | 295,266 | 514sqmi (1,331km) | |
Woodford County | 203 | Eureka | 1841 | Tazewell and McLean County | Gen.William Woodford(1734-80), brigadier general in theAmerican Revolutionary Warwho died while a British prisoner | 38,664 | 528sqmi (1,368km) |
地理环境
地貌
伊利诺伊州地势平坦,平均海拔182米,自北向南倾斜。西北部较高,有起伏平缓的丘陵。全境最高点海拔378米,为西北角有查尔斯丘。北部和中部的黑土非常肥沃,为世界上最佳耕地之一。地表有厚层冰川沉积,叫做冰碛层。第四纪内,北美洲北部及中部出现大陆冰川。冰川向南推进时,把全州大部分地面蚀平,好似平锅的锅底。冰川融化后消失,把冰内夹带的泥砂石块堆积在地面上,成为冰碛物,似一张圆饼摊在锅底的平面上。冰川避开了州西北角及州境南端两个丘陵区,这一带未遭受大陆冰川的破坏。南部马里恩附近小丘区是大陆冰川南进的限界。南端河岸港开罗以南未受冰川的刨蚀。除上述西北角及南端大丘陵区外,都遭受大陆冰川覆盖数千年到数万年之久。
气候
伊利诺伊州属温带气候,冬季寒冷多雪,夏炎热。冬季平均气温,北部为-6℃,南部为3℃;夏季平均气温分别为21和25℃。年平均降水,北部为800~1200毫米,南部为1200~1600毫米。南部生长期为210天,最北部仅有160天。
自然资源
伊利诺伊州主要矿产有煤、石油、铅、锌、石灰石和玻璃砂。煤产量居全国第四位,石油居第八位。煤炭主要分布于州的中部和南部,石油分布于南部。其他矿产资源有铅、锌、石灰石和玻璃砂等。
人口民族
伊利诺伊州人口约1291万,位居全美第5,白人、黑人、拉美裔及亚太裔分别占总人口的71.4%、14.6%、14.9%和4.3%,约有华侨华人10余万人。
经济概况
农业经济
该州是全国主要的农业州之一。全州80%的土地为农业用地。每个农户平均耕种140公顷(约2100亩)农田。大豆产量居全国首位;玉米产量有时占第一位,有时居第二位;猪肉和牛肉产量亦均名列前茅。
工业经济
伊利诺伊工业主要集中在芝加哥。由于靠近铁矿产地,交通方便,钢铁工业发展迅速,芝加哥已取代钢都匹兹堡成为全国最大的钢铁工业中心。农业机械、建筑机械和金属制品产量居各州之冠;电机产量名列第三;汽车工业也很重要,有55万职工从事机动车辆的制造和装配。食品工业仅次于加利福尼亚州。印刷业和出版业仅次于纽约州,居全国第二位。
服务业
伊州是美国传统制造业中心,也是美国交通运输及物流配送中心。建筑机械、农业器具、通讯设备、生物技术及金融、保险、咨询和批发零售等服务业发达。全州有2300多家商业银行,1000家储蓄银行,2000多家保险机构,并有11200多个金融从业公司。芝加哥商业交易所(集团)是世界最大的期货交易所。
政府财政
二十一世纪初以来,评级机构一直在下调伊利诺伊州的信用评级,伊利诺伊州欠下了巨额养老金债务,此外还积欠了150亿美元的未付账单,且在州议员2015年听凭一项上调所得税的临时政策到期终止后,该州的财政收入出现下降。2017年6月,评级机构将该州的评级降至只比“垃圾”级高一级的水平。
社会事业
教育事业
该州大专院校188所,数量居全美第5位,在校生75万人,每百人中就有6.4个大学生。著名的高等学府有芝加哥大学(1891年)、西北大学(1851年)、伊利诺伊大学。
主要大学:西北大学、芝加哥大学、伊利诺大学厄巴纳-香槟分校、伊利诺伊州立大学、伊利诺大学芝加哥分校、南伊利诺伊大学、伊利诺理工学院、罗耀拉大学、帝波大学、芝加哥艺术学院。
截止到当地时间4月18日,伊利诺伊州等共24个州及华盛顿特区宣布,将全州内包括公立、私立和高等教育机构在内的学校关闭时间延长至2019—2020整个学年结束,同时各州学校将尽可能的为学生进行线上授课。
新闻事业
该州共有报纸700多份,其中日报50份,主要有《芝加哥论坛报》和《芝加哥太阳时报》。有50余家电视台,近400家电台。
友好城市
伊州与辽宁省(1982年)和台湾省(1992年)互为友好省州,芝加哥与沈阳(1985年)和上海(1985年)互为友城。此外,乔利埃特(Joliet)、洛克福特(Rockford)、柏林布鲁克(Bolingbrook)、佩里亚(Peoria)、盖利斯伯格(Galesburg)分别与辽宁省辽阳市、江苏省常州市、河南省许昌市、辽宁省本溪市和安徽省马鞍山市互为友城。
交通运输
伊利诺伊州被认为是美国的交通中心。芝加哥是世界最大的铁路枢纽,有30条铁路干线及其支线汇集于此。全州有铁路37000公里,居全国第二位。1848年开凿伊利诺伊—密歇根运河以后,沟通了东北部的圣劳伦斯水道和西部的密西西比水道,使本州与其他各州之间的水运更加便利。州内有几十个机场,最大的是芝加哥的奥黑尔菲尔德国际机场和米德韦机场。
重要机场:芝加哥欧海尔国际机场、芝加哥中途国际机场。
重要高速公路:55号州际公路、57号州际公路、70号州际公路、72号州际公路、74号州际公路、80号州际公路、88号州际公路(西段)、90号州际公路、94号州际公路、290号州际公路、294号州际公路、355号州际公路。
风俗民情
宗教
宗教上,伊利诺州不像其它中西部的州﹙新教徒占有极大比例﹚,而仅有半数的居民是新教徒,罗马天主教的比例则大约为三分之一,多分布在芝加哥都会区周围。整个人口信仰比例为:
51%新教徒﹙Protestant﹚
33% 罗马天主教徒Roman Catholic
1% 其他基督教派的教徒 Other Christian
3% 其他宗教教徒Other Religions
8% 无信仰者 Non-Religious
伊利诺州前三大新教徒是:浸礼会﹙Baptist:15%﹚、路德会(Lutheran:5%)、卫理公会﹙Methodist:8%﹚。
人文景点
芝加哥美术馆(Art Institute of Chicago)位于伊利诺伊州芝加哥市,创建于1891年,因荟萃世界各地艺术珍品而负有盛名,它既是世界上最古老的美术展览馆之一,也是当今美国三大美术馆之一。
布鲁克菲尔德动物园(Brookfield Zoo)正式名称芝加哥动物园(Chicago Zoological Park)。建于1934年,以其大规模的开放式场地出名。
菲尔德自然史博物馆(The Field Museum of Natural History)最早建立于1893年9月,至今该馆已收集有两千多万种生物及人文标本,每年组织有大量的展览、研究和教育项目,馆内的自然史图书馆藏书达25万册。
著名人物
作家卡尔·山柏格(Carl Sandburg)、作家恩尼斯特·海明威(Ernest Hemingway)、广播电视喜剧演员克·班尼(Jack Benny)、女诗人关朵琳·布鲁克丝(GwendolynBrooks)、南京大屠杀时保护平民的美国传教士明妮·魏特琳、创意动画家/迪士尼乐园创办人华德·迪士尼(Walt Disney)、以及美国第四十任总统隆纳·雷根(Ronald Reagan)。
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