马拉雅拉姆语(英语:Malayalam language / 马拉雅拉姆语: )又译马拉雅兰语。印度克拉拉邦马拉雅里人(本义为“山地人”)的语言,印度宪法承认的语言之一。属达罗毗荼语系南部语族,和泰米尔语近亲,是9~10世纪时从泰米尔语分化出来的一种语言。它有3个方言。使用人口约2200万。
语言介绍
马拉雅拉姆语具有达罗毗荼语言的一般特点。例如辅音中有 t(齿音)~t(龈音)~▆(卷舌音)的对立和c(硬腭音)~k(软腭音)的对立;卷舌音有╱、奞、╯等。在前元音之前,软腭音k正在向硬腭音c转化,而原先的c却在消失。马拉雅拉姆语是粘着型语言。构词通常使用词根加后缀的方式。往往用表示几个动作的词来表达别的语言只需要一个动词表示的动作概念。但是和泰米尔语不同,它已经没有把人称词尾加在动词之上的说法。
马拉雅拉姆语最早的文献见于12世纪上半叶,正式文字从泰米尔纳德邦的一种梵文字体“Grantha”演变而成,此外还通行一种草书“kolelutta”。
日常生活用语
英语 | 马拉雅拉姆语 |
Welcome | (swagatam) |
Hello (General greeting) | (namaste) (namaskaram) |
How are you? | ? (engnganu u ninakku?) - frm ? (engnganu u kāryangnga ?) - inf |
Reply to 'How are you?' | (nannāyirikkunnu) |
Have you eaten rice? | ?(chōrru ō?) |
Long time no see | (valarenalayi kandittu) (va arēnā āyallo kanditt) (kandittu va arēnā āyallo) |
What's your name? | ? (pērenthā?) ?(ninte pērenthā?) |
My name is ... | ... (jnān ...) ... (ente per ... ā ) |
Where are you from? | ? (angu evidennanu?) |
I'm from ... | ... (njan yu ...) |
Pleased to meet you | (kantathil santhosham) |
Come in | (akathekku varu) |
Sit down | (irikku) |
Good morning (Morning greeting) | (suprabhātham) |
Good evening (Evening greeting) | ( ubh sandhya) |
Good night | (subha rāthri) |
Goodbye (Parting phrases) | (ennāl āka ē) (poyivara e) |
Good luck! | (bhagyamundakatte) (nallathu vara e) |
Cheers! Good Health! (Toasts used when drinking) | (cheeyerus) |
Have a nice day | (nalla divasam) |
Bon appetit / Have a nice meal | (ruchiyode bhakshanam aaswadikkan kazhiyatte) |
Bon voyage / Have a good journey | ! (yathra shubhamakatte!) |
I understand | |
I don't understand | (enikku manassilāyilla) |
Please speak more slowly | (melle pa ayū) ? (pathukke samsarikkamo?) |
Please say that again | ? (onnukōdi parayamō) |
Please write it down | ?(ith ezhuthū) |
Do you speakMalayalam? | ? (ningal malayalam pa ayāmo?) ? (ningal malayalam samsārikkumo?) |
Yes, a little (reply to 'Do you speak ...?') | (o kureshsha) |
How do you say ... inMalayalam? | ... ? (... ennu malayalathil engane parayum?) |
Excuse me | (kshamikkanam) |
How much is this? | ? (ithinu enthu vila?) |
Sorry | (kshamikka am) |
Please | (dayavāi) |
Thank you | (nāndi) (upakaram) |
Reply to thank you | (ningnga akku svāgatam) |
I want | (venam) |
Can you help me please? | ? (onnu sahayikkumo?) |
I agree | (jnān samathikunnu) |
I disagree | (jnān yogikunnila) |
Good | (nannayirikkunnu) |
Congratulations! | (abhinandanangal) |
I ask you | (apekshikkunnu) |
Where's the toilet? | ? (kakkoos evideyānu?) |
This gentleman will pay for everything | ? (manyan enthinum vila kodukkumo?) |
This lady will pay for everything | ? (manya enthinum vila kodukkumo?) |
Would you like to dance with me? | ? (ennodothu nrutham cheyyunno?) |
I love you | (njan ninne premikkunnu) |
Get well soon | (ningal sukham prapikyum) |
Leave me alone! | (enne veruthe vidoo) |
Help! | ! (sahāyikkoo!) |
Fire! | (thee) |
Help! | ! (nirthoo!) |
Go forward | (mumpottu poku) |
Go back | (purkottu poku) |
I want to get down here | (ivide irangam) |
Listen | (sraddhikhu) |
Call the police! | (policine vilikkum) |
Christmas and New Year greetings | , (kristumas puthuvalsara āshamsakal) -Christmas (kariistumasu aashamsakal) -Christmas (nava-valsara aashamsakal) -New Year |
Easter greetings | ! (iistar ashamsakal!) |
Birthday greetings | (janma dina ashamsakal) |
One language is never enough | (oru bhasha orikkalum mathiyavilla) |
My hovercraft is full of eelsWhy this phrase? | - (ente prrakkum-paetakam niraye vlankukalanu) |