在关于发展绿色经济的官方文件中，不同的国家强调了不同的方面。发达国家强调竞争和就业，而发展中国家则侧重于可持续发展、解决贫困问题以及涉及社会公正和公共参与的问题。对于金砖国家（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非），他们强调有效利用资源。然而真正的生态问题，主要是生态发展的局限性，却在上述文件中销声匿迹，这说明了绿色经济最重要的部分是经济自身和社会经济。
关键论点
全球经济现代化和向新技术秩序转变，是实现全球化的主要途径。伴随着科技进步、生产效率和竞争力的增强，新的结构将会改善人们的生活质量和环境。
现阶段，全球经济中的绿色行业规模还相对较小，但是增长速度非常快是其特征，尤其是与2008—2012年的全球经济衰退相比更是如此。
对于化石燃料进口国（这些国家同时也是全球经济领袖）来说，确保能源安全是其大力推动发展绿色经济和可替代能源的主要因素之一。
在短期内（到2020年），经济中的绿色行业，尤其是清洁能源可能会越来越重要。
绿色产业以及俄罗斯总体经济发展的前景，都与能源行业的发展紧密相关，尤其是与可替换能源技术的发展密不可分。
建议
考虑到全球能源多样化及脱碳处理的趋势，以及俄罗斯自然与社会经济发展的特点，可参考如下关于刺激新能源进一步发展的建议：
在建筑物的建造和重建中使用高效能源技术和节能技术；
在国家出资的范围内，强调节能项目前景广阔，尤其在公共领域、房地产和公共设施方面；
完善国家采购规则和程序，以满足提高能源效率的高标准；
在实体部门中提倡节能项目，尤其那些能降低主要工业生产者能源消耗的项目；
为了发展可再生资源，更换当地淘汰的生产设备、使用较便宜的可再生资源的设备，这将为选址带来更多的灵活性，同时不需要停止兴建核电站，还能继续用更清洁的燃气取代煤碳；
实施基于不同原料的差别电价政策，同时对可再生能源给予补贴；
不能低估非正规经济的重要转变。重新发现并实际运用传统文化和传统知识，包括行为模式、技能，以及用于保护自然资源和节能的技术知识
除上述建议外，还应建立制度基础，并投资“传统”能源产业的技术现代化改造项目。
（第一智库初步翻译，仅供参考）
Green Economy: Realities, Prospects, and Limits to Growth
In official documents on developing a green economy, different states emphasize different aspects. The developed countries stress competition and jobs, while the developing ones accentuate sustainable development, solutions to the problems of poverty, and the issues of social justice and public participation. The BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), for their part, focus on the effective use of resources. Actual ecological problems, primarily the limits to ecological development, are conspicuously absent from any of the above-mentioned documents, which proves that the economy itself and socioeconomic components are the most important parts of a green economy.
Key Themes
The modernization and transition of the global economy toward the new technological order are the main vehicles of globalization. Along with tangible technological progress and increased production efficiency and competitive ability, the new structure is intended to improve quality of life and the living environment.
At this time, the green sector of the global economy is relatively small, but it is characterized by exceptionally rapid growth, especially relative to the general economic slow-down of 2008-2012.
Ensuring energy security for the countries that import fossil fuel, who are also the global economic leaders, is one of the major factors that contributes to the impressive development of the green economy and its alternative energy segment.
In the short- and medium-term (until 2020), the green sector of the economy and particularly its clean energy component may become increasingly important.
The prospects for the green industry and for Russia’s general economic development are closely related to progress in the energy sector, especially to the development of alternative energy technologies.
Recommendations
Taking into consideration global energy diversification and decarburization trends, as well as Russia’s natural and socioeconomic characteristics, the following innovations that stimulate further development of alternative energy can be recommended:
Using energy efficiency and energy conservation technologies in building construction and reconstruction.
Emphasizing energy conservation programs in the state-financed sphere as the most promising, specifically in the public area, and the housing and utility sector.
Updating state procurement rules and procedures to conform to high standards of energy efficiency.
Promoting energy-saving programs in the real sector, particularly a program that reduces energy consumption by major industrial producers.
In order to develop renewable energy sources, replacing obsolete local production facilities and expanding them, using less expensive installations based on renewable energy sources, which would provide more flexibility in site selection, while not stopping work on nuclear power plants currently under construction and continuing to replace coal with cleaner gas.
Adopting a system of differential electricity pricing based on its sources, with subsidies for alternative energy.
The importance of changes in the field of the informal economy should not be underestimated. Rediscovering and practically applying traditional knowledge and cultural aspects that include behavioral patterns, skills, and technological know-how directed at natural resource and energy conservation.
Developing institutional foundations as well as investing in the technological modernization of the “traditional” energy industry, which should be undertaken in addition to the measures outlined above.
原文链接：http://carnegieendowment.org/files/CP_Porfiriev_Eng_web.pdf
